- LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL SECRETS

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko identified that the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is primarily due to the not enough oxygen in Nb2O5, applied like a Uncooked product Original soften (Czochralski approach) [186]. Appropriately, dependant upon its production technology, niobium pentoxide can undertake an array of compositions Nb2O5â